Poachers should be aware that Obama has been working to stop the smuggling of poached ivory in elephant tusks. If the ivory comes from an animal before 1990 it's legal to trade; therefore, people lie and make the ivory look older. Fortunately, Dr. Uno is using atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons to find out exactly how old a piece of ivory is to prevent the smugglers from trading. In his method, he tests the carbon-14 in the ivory to find out exactly how old the ivory is. Between 1952 and 1962 there was a lot of carbon 14 in the air, and each year it drops a significant amount. Dr. Uno can then tell if the amount of carbon in the air matches the level of carbon in the elephant's tusks. He measured the specimen's level of carbon 14 using the accelerator mass spectrometry. The carbon he tested matched the bomb curve, therefore his method worked and he's now able to catch the lying traders that make their ivory look older. Unfortunately, the method is expensive and countries like Africa can't afford it, even though elephant numbers have dramatically decreased.
Thursday, July 25, 2013
Poachers should be aware that Obama has been working to stop the smuggling of poached ivory in elephant tusks. If the ivory comes from an animal before 1990 it's legal to trade; therefore, people lie and make the ivory look older. Fortunately, Dr. Uno is using atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons to find out exactly how old a piece of ivory is to prevent the smugglers from trading. In his method, he tests the carbon-14 in the ivory to find out exactly how old the ivory is. Between 1952 and 1962 there was a lot of carbon 14 in the air, and each year it drops a significant amount. Dr. Uno can then tell if the amount of carbon in the air matches the level of carbon in the elephant's tusks. He measured the specimen's level of carbon 14 using the accelerator mass spectrometry. The carbon he tested matched the bomb curve, therefore his method worked and he's now able to catch the lying traders that make their ivory look older. Unfortunately, the method is expensive and countries like Africa can't afford it, even though elephant numbers have dramatically decreased.
I like the blog, but i also wish you read are home work because some of us worked harder then others. I think that we should read the home work you assign in calss and do the questions on our own for actual home work, also the workload should be spread out evenly throught the corse, instad of us learning everything in the last two weeks.
Tuesday, July 23, 2013
SBS p.258 #1 - 10
1) Petroleum is sometimes call sunshine because the energy released by burning theses fuels represents energy originally captured from sunlight by prehistoric green plants during photosynthesis.
2) Potential energy is stored energy like me sitting on a couch with spring and the couch waiting for me to get off when the spring makes kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is energy of motion, like when i get up and the spring is released.
3) When an energy releasing chemical reaction takes place, bonds break and react in atoms, and reorganize to form new bonds.
4) A molecule of butane has more potential energy based on its structural formula.
5) a) potential
b) potential
c) kinetic
d) potential
e) kinetic
6) Because energy was required to make the bonds and so it is also required to break the bonds.
7) a) exothermic
b) endothermic
c) exothermic
2) Potential energy is stored energy like me sitting on a couch with spring and the couch waiting for me to get off when the spring makes kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is energy of motion, like when i get up and the spring is released.
3) When an energy releasing chemical reaction takes place, bonds break and react in atoms, and reorganize to form new bonds.
4) A molecule of butane has more potential energy based on its structural formula.
5) a) potential
b) potential
c) kinetic
d) potential
e) kinetic
6) Because energy was required to make the bonds and so it is also required to break the bonds.
7) a) exothermic
b) endothermic
c) exothermic
SAS p.235 # 31-38
31) a) C3H8
b) C5H12
32) when it ends in ane, it means that its a single bond between the carbons
33) Yes all of the molecular structures are isomers of one another because they have identical molecular formulas.
34)
35) The shortest chain alkane that can demonstrate isomerism is butane.
36) Because its the same molecular formula but in different forms.
37) a)
b) branched isomers have lower boiling points and strait isomers have a higher boiling point.
38) a) a short straight chain
b) a short branched chain
c) a short branched chain
b) C5H12
32) when it ends in ane, it means that its a single bond between the carbons
33) Yes all of the molecular structures are isomers of one another because they have identical molecular formulas.
34)
35) The shortest chain alkane that can demonstrate isomerism is butane.
36) Because its the same molecular formula but in different forms.
37) a)
b) branched isomers have lower boiling points and strait isomers have a higher boiling point.
38) a) a short straight chain
b) a short branched chain
c) a short branched chain
Monday, July 22, 2013
p. 234 #1-30
1) A hydrocarbon is a molecule composed of only hydrogen and carbon
3) Petroleum is valuable because of its high boiling point and its molecular structure.
5) When oil is crude its because, it came from underground.
6) a) The average number of barrels of petroleum used daily in the united states for building purposes is 54 10^9 barrels.
b) 23,843 10^3 barrels are burned in the US daily.
7) gasoline and diesel fuel are a fule obtained from crude petroleum.
8) a) House hold items made from petroleum include clothing, CD's, plastic, sports equipment.
b) Methanne can replace most of the products in 8a.
10) a) The middle east has the most oil reserve.
b) Central Asia & far east Oceania have the least oil reserve.
11) a) The US consumes a lot of oil with out having reserves.
b) Africa has the most oil but the least amount of usage because they are a third world county.
12) Density can be used to separate liquids when the substances are insoluble in each other.
13) A mixture of water and acetone would be easiest to separate through distillation.
15)
16) Fractional distillation is when there are a lot more compounds, and you have to distill them further with distillation.
17) Light distillates include leto chemicals, kerosene, and refined oils.
18) At the bottom is where I would expect the fractions with the highest boiling point to be removed.
19) You can separate the mixtures by their intermolecular forces.
20) Methane, pentane, hexane, and octane.
21) A covalent bond is a bond is the sharing of two or more electrons between two atoms
22) Atoms with filled outer electron shells don't from covalent bonds because their outer shells are filled and have no reason to react; they are as happy as can be.
23) Covalent bonds are happy and share electrons; they don't fight like the ionic bonds.
26) a) A structural formula shows the bonding between the atoms whereas the molecular formula shows what's involved.
b) The structural formula is misleading because it doesn't show the amount of electrons.
27)
28) The electron carbon representation shows only valence electrons.
29) a) C9H20
b) C16H24
c) C10H22
d) C18H38
30) a) 9 (12)
20 (1)
______
128
b) 16 (12)
23 (1)
_______
215
c) 10 (12)
22 (1)
______
142
d) 18 (12)
38 (1)
________
54
3) Petroleum is valuable because of its high boiling point and its molecular structure.
5) When oil is crude its because, it came from underground.
6) a) The average number of barrels of petroleum used daily in the united states for building purposes is 54 10^9 barrels.
b) 23,843 10^3 barrels are burned in the US daily.
7) gasoline and diesel fuel are a fule obtained from crude petroleum.
8) a) House hold items made from petroleum include clothing, CD's, plastic, sports equipment.
b) Methanne can replace most of the products in 8a.
10) a) The middle east has the most oil reserve.
b) Central Asia & far east Oceania have the least oil reserve.
11) a) The US consumes a lot of oil with out having reserves.
b) Africa has the most oil but the least amount of usage because they are a third world county.
12) Density can be used to separate liquids when the substances are insoluble in each other.
13) A mixture of water and acetone would be easiest to separate through distillation.
15)
16) Fractional distillation is when there are a lot more compounds, and you have to distill them further with distillation.
17) Light distillates include leto chemicals, kerosene, and refined oils.
18) At the bottom is where I would expect the fractions with the highest boiling point to be removed.
19) You can separate the mixtures by their intermolecular forces.
20) Methane, pentane, hexane, and octane.
21) A covalent bond is a bond is the sharing of two or more electrons between two atoms
22) Atoms with filled outer electron shells don't from covalent bonds because their outer shells are filled and have no reason to react; they are as happy as can be.
23) Covalent bonds are happy and share electrons; they don't fight like the ionic bonds.
26) a) A structural formula shows the bonding between the atoms whereas the molecular formula shows what's involved.
b) The structural formula is misleading because it doesn't show the amount of electrons.
27)
28) The electron carbon representation shows only valence electrons.
29) a) C9H20
b) C16H24
c) C10H22
d) C18H38
30) a) 9 (12)
20 (1)
______
128
b) 16 (12)
23 (1)
_______
215
c) 10 (12)
22 (1)
______
142
d) 18 (12)
38 (1)
________
54
Friday, July 19, 2013
Madegascar
Usally when you think of the word madegascar you think of the movie, but in reality madegascar is a rain forest thats just for animals. A lot of scienctist do there research there because there are a lot of unkonw species synce its not toughed by humans. Unfortunatly the rate at which species have arrived on madigascar has slowed down, this is because of the theory of Adaptive Radiation, wich is the rate at which is the rete at which species arrise due to there resources. Daniel Scantelbyry looked at seven well characterized vertabrey gouts of species sharing a common atmosphere. Most of its speciation was completed within about 30m years or so. Humans have caused a decline in species growth because were so destructive. Sadly, veriety won't last longer.
Wednesday, July 17, 2013
p. 204 #1- 6
1) Allotrope is two or more forms of an element in the same state that have distinctly different physical and or chemical properties.
2) Two elements other than carbon that form allotropes are oxygen and phosphorous.
3) a) They have different appearance and structures.
b) Because of how the atoms of the elements are linked and organized.
c) Diamond is expensive due to its quality and optical characteristics.
4) Engineered materials differ from natural materials because they are efficient and renewable.
5) Tow advantages of using engineered ceramics in high - temperatures applications are higher melting point and because are strong at high temperatures. Two disadvantages are they are brittle and can fracture.
6) Tow examples of properties that can be modified in plastics to make them useful for new applications are that you can craft plastic to be harder or softer and that plastic optical fibers can be altered for use and transmission.
2) Two elements other than carbon that form allotropes are oxygen and phosphorous.
3) a) They have different appearance and structures.
b) Because of how the atoms of the elements are linked and organized.
c) Diamond is expensive due to its quality and optical characteristics.
4) Engineered materials differ from natural materials because they are efficient and renewable.
5) Tow advantages of using engineered ceramics in high - temperatures applications are higher melting point and because are strong at high temperatures. Two disadvantages are they are brittle and can fracture.
6) Tow examples of properties that can be modified in plastics to make them useful for new applications are that you can craft plastic to be harder or softer and that plastic optical fibers can be altered for use and transmission.
Tuesday, July 16, 2013
13) a) 6 mol NH3
b) 5 mol N2
c) 5 mol Pb
14) a) 1 mol of N2
b) 621 g Pb
c) 28 g N
d) 447 g PbO
15) (32 g O2 / 44 g CO2) x 100% = 72.7% (this is why...)
16) a) 87% of Ag2
b) 53% of Al2
c) 40% of Ca
17) a) 68% of Pb
b) 10% of PbSO4
18) a & b) Reusing is when somthing is physically resued like a plastic wate rbottle being refilled or not washing your towel after every use. Recycling is when you throw your plastic water bottle into a recycling bin and the factories turun it into the plastiv used on your plastic bags.
19) a) Renuable resources:
- fresh water and air
- soil
-plants
-animals
b) Nonrenuable resources:
-oil
- cole
- metals
- natural gas
20) a) reusing
b) recycling
c) reusing
21) The life cycle of a newspaper would compare to that of a light bulb because they are both reused and recycled. The newspaper would be easier to reuse because people use newspapers as packaging with fragile products.
b) 5 mol N2
c) 5 mol Pb
14) a) 1 mol of N2
b) 621 g Pb
c) 28 g N
d) 447 g PbO
15) (32 g O2 / 44 g CO2) x 100% = 72.7% (this is why...)
16) a) 87% of Ag2
b) 53% of Al2
c) 40% of Ca
17) a) 68% of Pb
b) 10% of PbSO4
18) a & b) Reusing is when somthing is physically resued like a plastic wate rbottle being refilled or not washing your towel after every use. Recycling is when you throw your plastic water bottle into a recycling bin and the factories turun it into the plastiv used on your plastic bags.
19) a) Renuable resources:
- fresh water and air
- soil
-plants
-animals
b) Nonrenuable resources:
-oil
- cole
- metals
- natural gas
20) a) reusing
b) recycling
c) reusing
21) The life cycle of a newspaper would compare to that of a light bulb because they are both reused and recycled. The newspaper would be easier to reuse because people use newspapers as packaging with fragile products.
Monday, July 15, 2013
1) The law of conservation of matter states that in a chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed.
2) Scientific law summarizes what has been learned by carful observations of nature.
3) "Using up" and "trowing away" expressions are misleade because logically you would that matter is lost cince you are getting rid of it, yet matter is neither created nor destroyed.
4) a) Reaction - Sn: 1 H:1 F:1
Product - Sn:1 H:2 F:2
NOT BALENCED
b) Reaction - Si: 1 0:2 C:1
Product- Ai: 1 O: 1 C: 2
NOT BALANCED
c) Reaction- Al: 1 O: 3 H: 6 Cl: 3
Products- Al: 1 O: 3 H: 6 Cl: 3
BALANCED
5) a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
6) a) 1, 3, 1, 3
b) 1, 1, 1, 1
c) 4, 3, 2
7) a) 1, 3, 2, 3
b) 2, 10, 16, 18
8) a) Yes.
Reactants: Na- 2 S- 1 O- 4 K- 2 Cl- 1
Product side: Na- 2 S- 1 O- 4 K- 2 Cl- 1
b) No when balancing equations the subscripts remain the same but the coefficients are altered to balance the equation
c) 1 Na2SO4 + 2 KCl -> NaCl + 1 K2SO4
9) About 2,000,000 years
2) Scientific law summarizes what has been learned by carful observations of nature.
3) "Using up" and "trowing away" expressions are misleade because logically you would that matter is lost cince you are getting rid of it, yet matter is neither created nor destroyed.
4) a) Reaction - Sn: 1 H:1 F:1
Product - Sn:1 H:2 F:2
NOT BALENCED
b) Reaction - Si: 1 0:2 C:1
Product- Ai: 1 O: 1 C: 2
NOT BALANCED
c) Reaction- Al: 1 O: 3 H: 6 Cl: 3
Products- Al: 1 O: 3 H: 6 Cl: 3
BALANCED
5) a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
6) a) 1, 3, 1, 3
b) 1, 1, 1, 1
c) 4, 3, 2
7) a) 1, 3, 2, 3
b) 2, 10, 16, 18
8) a) Yes.
Reactants: Na- 2 S- 1 O- 4 K- 2 Cl- 1
Product side: Na- 2 S- 1 O- 4 K- 2 Cl- 1
b) No when balancing equations the subscripts remain the same but the coefficients are altered to balance the equation
c) 1 Na2SO4 + 2 KCl -> NaCl + 1 K2SO4
9) About 2,000,000 years
Sunday, July 14, 2013
SBA # 9 - 22
9) Active metals are more difficult to process and refine than less active metals because they are more readily active then metals.
11) Most metals exist in nature as minerals rather than as pure metallic elements because they are more reactive.
12) a is more likely to occur.
13) b. because zinc is more reactive than silver
14) a) It would be a poor idea to stir a solution of lead (II) nitrate with an iron spoon because iron is more reactive.
15) Oxidation- the loss of at least 1 electron that causes a metal to become a cation or an aqueous solution
Reduction- the gain or loss of electrons (causes a cation or aqueous solution to balance out makeing a metal)
16) a) Au 3- + 3E -> Au
b) V -> v4+ + 4e-
c) Cu -> cu2+ +2E+
17) a) reduction
b) oxidation
c) reduction
21) a) electrometallugy uses electricity
b) pyrometallurgy uses thermal hear
c) hydrometallurgy uses water
22) a) electrometallurgy
b) electrometallugy
11) Most metals exist in nature as minerals rather than as pure metallic elements because they are more reactive.
12) a is more likely to occur.
13) b. because zinc is more reactive than silver
14) a) It would be a poor idea to stir a solution of lead (II) nitrate with an iron spoon because iron is more reactive.
15) Oxidation- the loss of at least 1 electron that causes a metal to become a cation or an aqueous solution
Reduction- the gain or loss of electrons (causes a cation or aqueous solution to balance out makeing a metal)
16) a) Au 3- + 3E -> Au
b) V -> v4+ + 4e-
c) Cu -> cu2+ +2E+
17) a) reduction
b) oxidation
c) reduction
21) a) electrometallugy uses electricity
b) pyrometallurgy uses thermal hear
c) hydrometallurgy uses water
22) a) electrometallurgy
b) electrometallugy
Thursday, July 11, 2013
The Elephant in the Room
http://www.eleaid.com/index.php?page=elephanttusks
Poachers should be aware that Obama has been working to stop the smuggling of poached ivory in elephant tusks. If the ivory comes from an animal before 1990 it's legal to trade; therefore, people lie and make the ivory look older. Fortunately, Dr. Uno is using atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons to find out exactly how old a piece of ivory is to prevent the smugglers from trading. In his method, he tests the carbon-14 in the ivory to find out exactly how old the ivory is. Between 1952 and 1962 there was a lot of carbon 14 in the air, and each year it drops a significant amount. Dr. Uno can then tell if the amount of carbon in the air matches the level of carbon in the elephant's tusks. He measured the specimen's level of carbon 14 using the accelerator mass spectrometry. The carbon he tested matched the bomb curve, therefore his method worked and he's now able to catch the lying traders that make their ivory look older. Unfortunately, the method is expensive and countries like Africa can't afford it, even though elephant numbers have dramatically decreased.
Poachers should be aware that Obama has been working to stop the smuggling of poached ivory in elephant tusks. If the ivory comes from an animal before 1990 it's legal to trade; therefore, people lie and make the ivory look older. Fortunately, Dr. Uno is using atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons to find out exactly how old a piece of ivory is to prevent the smugglers from trading. In his method, he tests the carbon-14 in the ivory to find out exactly how old the ivory is. Between 1952 and 1962 there was a lot of carbon 14 in the air, and each year it drops a significant amount. Dr. Uno can then tell if the amount of carbon in the air matches the level of carbon in the elephant's tusks. He measured the specimen's level of carbon 14 using the accelerator mass spectrometry. The carbon he tested matched the bomb curve, therefore his method worked and he's now able to catch the lying traders that make their ivory look older. Unfortunately, the method is expensive and countries like Africa can't afford it, even though elephant numbers have dramatically decreased.
Wednesday, July 10, 2013
2SBS #1-8 p.151
1) Atmosphere - nitrogen, oxygen
Hydrosphere - water, salt
Lithosphere - silicone, oil
2) a) Lithosphere made up of: crust, mantle, core
b) Lithosphere is the main storehouse of chemical resources
3) a) Mexico
b) Japan
c) China
4) China
5) The minerals make up the ore
6) -quantity of useful ore
-perent of metal in ore
- environmental impact of mining
7) The new equiptment is able to get more metal our of a piece of ore
8) Useful ore is used to extract metals
Hydrosphere - water, salt
Lithosphere - silicone, oil
2) a) Lithosphere made up of: crust, mantle, core
b) Lithosphere is the main storehouse of chemical resources
3) a) Mexico
b) Japan
c) China
4) China
5) The minerals make up the ore
6) -quantity of useful ore
-perent of metal in ore
- environmental impact of mining
7) The new equiptment is able to get more metal our of a piece of ore
8) Useful ore is used to extract metals
2SAS #26 - 34 p.132
26) Metallic elements are more likely to lose electrons and become cations.
27) They are un-reactive.
28) a) cation
b) cation
c) anion
d) cation
e) anion
f) cation
g) cation
h) anion
29) B pair is more chemically similar
30) (156 + 254) / 2 = 205 pm
31) a) an apple rotting changes from red to brown which is a chemical reaction because the
apple oxidizes with the air
A physical color change is when someone paints a metal car
b) The release of heat during a chemical reaction is a chemical change
Physical - melting something
c) Physical - water boiling
Chemical - metal reaction with hydrofluoric acid
32) a) Bromine
b) Silicone
34) Cobalt and Nickel are out of order if they were organized by atomic mass. Also thorium and Protactinium.
27) They are un-reactive.
28) a) cation
b) cation
c) anion
d) cation
e) anion
f) cation
g) cation
h) anion
29) B pair is more chemically similar
30) (156 + 254) / 2 = 205 pm
31) a) an apple rotting changes from red to brown which is a chemical reaction because the
apple oxidizes with the air
A physical color change is when someone paints a metal car
b) The release of heat during a chemical reaction is a chemical change
Physical - melting something
c) Physical - water boiling
Chemical - metal reaction with hydrofluoric acid
32) a) Bromine
b) Silicone
34) Cobalt and Nickel are out of order if they were organized by atomic mass. Also thorium and Protactinium.
Tuesday, July 9, 2013
Lab Report - Metal or Non- Metal
Abstract: During this lab Jilly Abby and I were checking to see if unknown elements were metals, non - metals or metalloids, by there apperaence, conductivity, durability, and reactivity. An example of a metal in everyday life are copper and silver coins. Realizing how important metals are made me really excited for the lab.
Procdure:
While testing to see weather the elements were metals or non- metals, Jilly, Abby and I first placed each of the elements in a well plate and labeled the unknown substances with numbers.
Before starting the actual prosedure, we examined the physical appearence of each substence for there color, texture, form, luser and recorded the information.
Next, we individually tested the conductivity of each sample, and recorded the results for each one.
We then tested the durability for each of them, by gently hitting them with a hammer. We then recorded whether the substance was malleable or brittle.
After testing the durabillity of the samples, we placed them back into the well plate and poured 15 - 20 drops of 0.1 M copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) to each sample. We timed the the 0.1 M copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) for about 4 min. and observed drastic changes in some of the elements. Element 7 had changed from a blueish color to black. After we finished with the 0.1 M copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) we disgaurded the well plate.
Carefully, we then used the dangerous acid and dropped about 15 - 20 drops to each sample. While timing the acid for about 4 min. we observed changes in the substances. Sample 7 started to reacted with the hydrochloric acid to form bubbles.
Lastly, we disgaurded the contents in the well plate.
Results:
unknown substence a tested as a metal
element b tested as a metaloid
Procdure:
While testing to see weather the elements were metals or non- metals, Jilly, Abby and I first placed each of the elements in a well plate and labeled the unknown substances with numbers.
Before starting the actual prosedure, we examined the physical appearence of each substence for there color, texture, form, luser and recorded the information.
Next, we individually tested the conductivity of each sample, and recorded the results for each one.
We then tested the durability for each of them, by gently hitting them with a hammer. We then recorded whether the substance was malleable or brittle.
After testing the durabillity of the samples, we placed them back into the well plate and poured 15 - 20 drops of 0.1 M copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) to each sample. We timed the the 0.1 M copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) for about 4 min. and observed drastic changes in some of the elements. Element 7 had changed from a blueish color to black. After we finished with the 0.1 M copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) we disgaurded the well plate.
Carefully, we then used the dangerous acid and dropped about 15 - 20 drops to each sample. While timing the acid for about 4 min. we observed changes in the substances. Sample 7 started to reacted with the hydrochloric acid to form bubbles.
Lastly, we disgaurded the contents in the well plate.
Results:
unknown substence a tested as a metal
element b tested as a metaloid
2SAS p.131- 132 #13 -25
13) a) period
b) family or group
14) a) K potassium & Na sodium
15) a) the rightmost group on the periodic table
b) boil at low temperatures
c) nonreactive
16) a) MgF2
b) GaP
17) (98 + 39) / 2 = 68.5°C
18) I would expect chlorine to have a lower boiling point then Idoine because of the pattern, the lower atomic number ones useually have a lower boiling point.
19) a) carbon 12
b) carbon 13
c) 20 protons
d) 20 electrons
e) platnum
f) 78 protons
g) 92 protons
h) 92 electrons
20) a) 1) 4 protons
2) 4 electrons
3) 5 nutrons
b) 1) 7 protons
2) 7 electrons
3) 7 nutrons
c) 1) 10 protons
2) 10 electrons
3) 10 nutrons
21) The student was wrong because the atom really lost two electrons because you can't gain or lose protons.
22) a) 1) carbon 12
2) carbon 13
3) calcium 41
4) platinum 195
5) uranium 238
b) carbon
23) No, you also need the atomic number
24) The mass of the electron is 1/ 2000 the mass of a proton or neutron
25) a) 12
b) 12
c) 12
d) 13
e) 12
f) 14
b) family or group
14) a) K potassium & Na sodium
15) a) the rightmost group on the periodic table
b) boil at low temperatures
c) nonreactive
16) a) MgF2
b) GaP
17) (98 + 39) / 2 = 68.5°C
18) I would expect chlorine to have a lower boiling point then Idoine because of the pattern, the lower atomic number ones useually have a lower boiling point.
19) a) carbon 12
b) carbon 13
c) 20 protons
d) 20 electrons
e) platnum
f) 78 protons
g) 92 protons
h) 92 electrons
20) a) 1) 4 protons
2) 4 electrons
3) 5 nutrons
b) 1) 7 protons
2) 7 electrons
3) 7 nutrons
c) 1) 10 protons
2) 10 electrons
3) 10 nutrons
21) The student was wrong because the atom really lost two electrons because you can't gain or lose protons.
22) a) 1) carbon 12
2) carbon 13
3) calcium 41
4) platinum 195
5) uranium 238
b) carbon
23) No, you also need the atomic number
24) The mass of the electron is 1/ 2000 the mass of a proton or neutron
25) a) 12
b) 12
c) 12
d) 13
e) 12
f) 14
Monday, July 8, 2013
SAS #1-12 p.130
1) a) physical
b) chemical
c) chemical
d) physical
2) a) physical
b) physical
c) physical
d) chemical
3) a) chemical
b) physical
c) chemical
d) physical
4) a) chemical
b) chemical
c) physical
d) physical
5)
6)
7) a) metal
b) nonmetal
c) metal
d) nonmetal
8) a) metal
b) metalloid
c) nonmetal
d) metal
9) Silicon, and Boron (B)
10) a) idoine is a nonmetal - it would shatter
b) zirconium is a metal - it would flatten
c) phosphorus is a nonmetal - it should shatter
d) nickel is metal - it would flatten
11) Two properties that make nonmetals unsuitable for electric wiring are, there not malleable, and do not conduct electrically
12) Three properties that make metals suitable for use in coins are, tey dont brake, there shiny and there malleable
b) chemical
c) chemical
d) physical
2) a) physical
b) physical
c) physical
d) chemical
3) a) chemical
b) physical
c) chemical
d) physical
4) a) chemical
b) chemical
c) physical
d) physical
5)
6)
7) a) metal
b) nonmetal
c) metal
d) nonmetal
8) a) metal
b) metalloid
c) nonmetal
d) metal
9) Silicon, and Boron (B)
10) a) idoine is a nonmetal - it would shatter
b) zirconium is a metal - it would flatten
c) phosphorus is a nonmetal - it should shatter
d) nickel is metal - it would flatten
11) Two properties that make nonmetals unsuitable for electric wiring are, there not malleable, and do not conduct electrically
12) Three properties that make metals suitable for use in coins are, tey dont brake, there shiny and there malleable
Tuesday, July 2, 2013
EXTRA CREDIT: GRASSED UP
Grassed Up
Humans started walking upright so they could see further. Forests turned into savannas 6,000,000 to 4,000,000 years ago. Dr. Feakin's opinion on people standing up straight had nothing to do with forests turning into savannas. She used carbon dating to see when and where plants developed and originated. Carbon dating is when there are different isotopes of carbon. Examples of these are carbon 12 and carbon 13. Using carbon dating, she found that Africa didn't have forests, so the theory that people standing upright because of savannas forming was false.
Humans started walking upright so they could see further. Forests turned into savannas 6,000,000 to 4,000,000 years ago. Dr. Feakin's opinion on people standing up straight had nothing to do with forests turning into savannas. She used carbon dating to see when and where plants developed and originated. Carbon dating is when there are different isotopes of carbon. Examples of these are carbon 12 and carbon 13. Using carbon dating, she found that Africa didn't have forests, so the theory that people standing upright because of savannas forming was false.
What killed the fish?
In scenario 1, we noticed there was a huge amount of rainfall in August as well as a huge amount of pesticide in the river. Because we know that pesticides are harmful to fish we could rule out the other options of the fish kill. We came to the conclusion that the rainfall washed pesticides from farms near by into the river, causing the pesticide level to spike and kill the fish. In scenario 2, we noticed that the water temperature was more than 10 degrees hotter than it had been in the past three years. Because we know that water temperature affects the dissolved oxygen and carbon levels, we decided to look into these to aspects of the fish kill. There was a raise in carbon level and a decrease in dissolved oxygen. We concluded that the spike in these levels was caused by the increase in temperature, and therefore, killing the fish.
Monday, July 1, 2013
Lab Report: Constructing A Solubility Curve
Abstract: The purpose of the lab was not only to have fun but also to construct a solubility curve. A solubility curve tells you how soluble a substance in solvent (Water) at a certain temperature is.
A common pattern that substances follow on a solubility curve tends to become more soluble as temperature increases, although some don't change much (NaCl). A solute that I tested for at 3 different increasing temperatures and measured the solubility at each was succinic acid, historically known as spirit of amber.
Procedure: First, Abby, Jilly, and I started with two beakers, three graduated cylinders and we shared a tong with the group next to us. Also, we shared the hot plate and regularly reminded each other to be careful. Setting the hot plate to the highest temperature to heat the water up quickly was definitely a smart idea. Next, we poured 300 ml of tap water into our beaker. Then, my group placed the beaker filled with 300 ml of water onto the hot plate. Waiting until the temperature reached 48.5 C my team used teamwork; I stirred the water, while Jilly held the thermometer and Abby constantly documented our every move.
When the temperature reached 48.5 C, we used the tongs to place the hot beaker onto a napkin on the table.
While Abby parted from Jilly and I, to get the succinic acid, 
we continuasly heated the water to speed up the process. We then distributed 4 grams of the succinic acid into a test tube. 
Although the instructions said to poor 20 mL of distilled water into the test tube we fit as much as we could. 
Then we placed the test tube filled with the succinic acid and distilled water into the beaker of hot water that was placed on the hot plate to maintain its temperature. Not only did we place the test tube in the warm water, but stured it for seven seconds ever thirty seconds. While Jilly maintaid the temperature, Abby was not only keeping track of the time and telling me when I should stir, but also documenting and taking pictures. While I was string, I accidentally broke the glass and for the rest of the first temperature we shared with the group next to us. After placing the test tube in the hot water, we carufully removed the water from it and placed it into a new test tube and left the undisolved substance. We then diluted the succinic acid and disgaured it into the sink.
We then took the test tube out of the iced water bath
and watched it slowly become a snowy texture and look.
My group then repeed this process two more times, and at different water tempertures. We realized how much more saluable succinic acid is when its temperature is higher. It was really interesting to see the derastic different results.
Results: As the temperature increased, the acid became more sulubale.
A common pattern that substances follow on a solubility curve tends to become more soluble as temperature increases, although some don't change much (NaCl). A solute that I tested for at 3 different increasing temperatures and measured the solubility at each was succinic acid, historically known as spirit of amber.
Procedure: First, Abby, Jilly, and I started with two beakers, three graduated cylinders and we shared a tong with the group next to us. Also, we shared the hot plate and regularly reminded each other to be careful. Setting the hot plate to the highest temperature to heat the water up quickly was definitely a smart idea. Next, we poured 300 ml of tap water into our beaker. Then, my group placed the beaker filled with 300 ml of water onto the hot plate. Waiting until the temperature reached 48.5 C my team used teamwork; I stirred the water, while Jilly held the thermometer and Abby constantly documented our every move.
When the temperature reached 48.5 C, we used the tongs to place the hot beaker onto a napkin on the table.
While Abby parted from Jilly and I, to get the succinic acid, 
we continuasly heated the water to speed up the process. We then distributed 4 grams of the succinic acid into a test tube. 
Although the instructions said to poor 20 mL of distilled water into the test tube we fit as much as we could. 
Then we placed the test tube filled with the succinic acid and distilled water into the beaker of hot water that was placed on the hot plate to maintain its temperature. Not only did we place the test tube in the warm water, but stured it for seven seconds ever thirty seconds. While Jilly maintaid the temperature, Abby was not only keeping track of the time and telling me when I should stir, but also documenting and taking pictures. While I was string, I accidentally broke the glass and for the rest of the first temperature we shared with the group next to us. After placing the test tube in the hot water, we carufully removed the water from it and placed it into a new test tube and left the undisolved substance. We then diluted the succinic acid and disgaured it into the sink.
We then took the test tube out of the iced water bath
and watched it slowly become a snowy texture and look.
My group then repeed this process two more times, and at different water tempertures. We realized how much more saluable succinic acid is when its temperature is higher. It was really interesting to see the derastic different results.
Results: As the temperature increased, the acid became more sulubale.
1SDS #1 -9 #18 - 22
1)
2) Three major processes that occur in natural water purification and three contaminants that the process removes are: evaporation followed by condensation, which removes most dissolved substances, then bacteria converts dissolved organic contaminants into a few simple compounds, and lastly, filtration through sand and gravel removes most suspended matter.
3) The property of aluminum hydroxide that's related to the process of flocculation is its sticky, jelly texture that traps particles.
4) Calcium oxide is sometimes added to municipal water supplies in the last stage of water treatment because it neutralizes acidic water and, as a result, raises the pH to a proper level.
5) 1 ppm of fluoride is added in the last stage of water treatment because it still reduces tooth decay.
6) Advantages of chlorinated drinking water compared to untreated water is that it saves lives by controlling water-born diseases.
7) There are also disadvantages to using chlorination in water treatment because of chloroform, which is a type of THM, a carcinogen (causes cancer).
8) Water from a clear mountain stream may require chlorination because the water was unsafe for drinking.
9) Two alternatives to chlorification in municipal water treatment are charcoal adsorbtion or sand filtration.
18) If water evaporation suddenly stopped the entire hydrologic system would be destroyed.
19) The hydrologic system would be different if water didn't exist in three states because all three stages, liquid solid and vapor, all would not happen.
20) The EPA limits the concentration of THMs to 80 ppb from municipal water supplies because they can cause diseases.
21) The various processes used in water filtration compared to natural purification of water are similar because they contain the same steps, like sand filtration.
22) a) one day - .002 g
b) one week - .014 g
c) one year - .728 g
2) Three major processes that occur in natural water purification and three contaminants that the process removes are: evaporation followed by condensation, which removes most dissolved substances, then bacteria converts dissolved organic contaminants into a few simple compounds, and lastly, filtration through sand and gravel removes most suspended matter.
3) The property of aluminum hydroxide that's related to the process of flocculation is its sticky, jelly texture that traps particles.
4) Calcium oxide is sometimes added to municipal water supplies in the last stage of water treatment because it neutralizes acidic water and, as a result, raises the pH to a proper level.
5) 1 ppm of fluoride is added in the last stage of water treatment because it still reduces tooth decay.
6) Advantages of chlorinated drinking water compared to untreated water is that it saves lives by controlling water-born diseases.
7) There are also disadvantages to using chlorination in water treatment because of chloroform, which is a type of THM, a carcinogen (causes cancer).
8) Water from a clear mountain stream may require chlorination because the water was unsafe for drinking.
9) Two alternatives to chlorification in municipal water treatment are charcoal adsorbtion or sand filtration.
18) If water evaporation suddenly stopped the entire hydrologic system would be destroyed.
19) The hydrologic system would be different if water didn't exist in three states because all three stages, liquid solid and vapor, all would not happen.
20) The EPA limits the concentration of THMs to 80 ppb from municipal water supplies because they can cause diseases.
21) The various processes used in water filtration compared to natural purification of water are similar because they contain the same steps, like sand filtration.
22) a) one day - .002 g
b) one week - .014 g
c) one year - .728 g
Sunday, June 30, 2013
p. 82 - 83 # 9 - 19
9) .20 x 55 = 11 grams of sugar
55 grams total - 11 grams of suggar = 44 grams of water
10) ?
11) Water molecules are polar because the hydrogen atoms are partially positive and the oxygen atom is partially negative.
12)
13) a) The oxygen part in the water molecule will be attracted to the K+ ion.
b) The hydrogen atom will be attracted to the bromine ion because opposite charges attract and
like charges repel.
14) Heavy metals are called heavy because their atomic masses are greater or heavier than other elements.
15) Three symptoms of heavy metal poisoning are
-damage to the nervous system
-damage to the brain
-damage to the kidneys
-damage to the liver
16) a) Humans can be exposed to lead if they use pesticides or paint.
b) Humans are exposed to mercury when eating too much fish or when people use medical or
weather thermometers.
17) Hydroxide ions are found in many bases.
18) Hydrogen atoms are found in many acids.
19) a) Sea water - base
b) Drain cleaner - base
c) Vinegar - acid
d) Water - neutral
20) Which is more acidic?
a) Soft drink > tomato
b) Black coffee > water
c) Milk of magnesia > ammonia
21) A solution at ph 2 is 100 times more acidic then a ph of 4
22) Three negative effects of pH levels on aquatic organisms are:
- when the pH of rivers, lakes, and streams are too low fish egg development is impaired
- high pH can dissolve fish skin and scales
- low pH releases metal ions from the soil that are toxic to fish
23) Polar and non - polar molecules are almost opposites. Polar molecules are when there's a partial charge to the molecule and a non polar molecule is when there's no charge or an equal distribution of electrical charges and cancels to 0.
24) Lamp oil would be selected to dissolve a non-polar molecular substance.
25) Table salt dissolves in water but not in cooking oil because water is polar.
26) The phrase like dissolves like means polar molecules dissolve each other whereas non-polar molecules dissolve each other as well.
27) You cannot clean greasy dishes well with water because of the phrase "like dissolves like." You need soap because it's non - polar like the grease on the dishes.
33) Many mechanics prefer to use waterless hand cleaners to clean their greasy hands because:
a) because it's likely nonpolar and basic
b) using these cleaners are more effective because water is polar and doesn't clean much.
35) The hydrogen atom in hydrofluoric acid would form a partial positive charge.
55 grams total - 11 grams of suggar = 44 grams of water
10) ?
11) Water molecules are polar because the hydrogen atoms are partially positive and the oxygen atom is partially negative.
12)
13) a) The oxygen part in the water molecule will be attracted to the K+ ion.
b) The hydrogen atom will be attracted to the bromine ion because opposite charges attract and
like charges repel.
14) Heavy metals are called heavy because their atomic masses are greater or heavier than other elements.
15) Three symptoms of heavy metal poisoning are
-damage to the nervous system
-damage to the brain
-damage to the kidneys
-damage to the liver
16) a) Humans can be exposed to lead if they use pesticides or paint.
b) Humans are exposed to mercury when eating too much fish or when people use medical or
weather thermometers.
17) Hydroxide ions are found in many bases.
18) Hydrogen atoms are found in many acids.
19) a) Sea water - base
b) Drain cleaner - base
c) Vinegar - acid
d) Water - neutral
20) Which is more acidic?
a) Soft drink > tomato
b) Black coffee > water
c) Milk of magnesia > ammonia
21) A solution at ph 2 is 100 times more acidic then a ph of 4
22) Three negative effects of pH levels on aquatic organisms are:
- when the pH of rivers, lakes, and streams are too low fish egg development is impaired
- high pH can dissolve fish skin and scales
- low pH releases metal ions from the soil that are toxic to fish
23) Polar and non - polar molecules are almost opposites. Polar molecules are when there's a partial charge to the molecule and a non polar molecule is when there's no charge or an equal distribution of electrical charges and cancels to 0.
24) Lamp oil would be selected to dissolve a non-polar molecular substance.
25) Table salt dissolves in water but not in cooking oil because water is polar.
26) The phrase like dissolves like means polar molecules dissolve each other whereas non-polar molecules dissolve each other as well.
27) You cannot clean greasy dishes well with water because of the phrase "like dissolves like." You need soap because it's non - polar like the grease on the dishes.
33) Many mechanics prefer to use waterless hand cleaners to clean their greasy hands because:
a) because it's likely nonpolar and basic
b) using these cleaners are more effective because water is polar and doesn't clean much.
35) The hydrogen atom in hydrofluoric acid would form a partial positive charge.
Friday, June 28, 2013
p. 62 #1-3
1) a) Some changes we would see as the beaker cooled is more KCl molecules would dissolve in solution.
b)
2) An unsaturated solution will become more concentrated if we add more solute. Decreasing the total volume in the solution also increases the solution's concentration. Considering a solution made by dissolving 20 g KCl in 100 g water at 40 C,
a)
b1)
b2) 1/4 of the water must evaporate at this temperature to create a saturated solution.
3) A solution may be diluted by adding water
a)
b)
c)
b)
2) An unsaturated solution will become more concentrated if we add more solute. Decreasing the total volume in the solution also increases the solution's concentration. Considering a solution made by dissolving 20 g KCl in 100 g water at 40 C,
a)
b1)
3) A solution may be diluted by adding water
a)
b)
c)
Thursday, June 27, 2013
Global warming is more of a problem than most people may think. Every year, scientists measure the carbon dioxide levels at The Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. Mana Loa is one of the few locations that scientists can take accurate measurements because it's one of the only areas that humans haven't polluted. In March 1958, about 50 years ago, the carbon dioxide levels were at 315 parts per million, as opposed to today where the carbon dioxide levels are at an all time high of 400 parts per million. Although CO2 levels are expected to increase during the spring and winter, at this current rate, in 2037, global warming will ruin the atmosphere. The damage humans have caused is irreversible and difficult to repair.
Wednesday, June 26, 2013
p. 82 # 1-8
ISCS P. 82
1) Three teaspoons of sugar will completely dissolve in a serving of hot tea, but will not dissolve in an equally sized serving of iced tea because sugar is less soluble in cold water.
2) The maximum mass of potassium chloride that will dissolve in 100.0 g water at 70 degrees C is 50 g of potassium chloride.
3) If the solubility of sugar (sucrose) in water is 2.0 g/mL at room temperature, the maximum mass of sugar that will dissolve is
a) 200 g
b) 710 g
b) 710 g
c) 1,892 g
4) a) At 20 degrees C, NaCl is most soluble, second comes KCl, then KNO3
b) 80 degrees C, KNO3 is most soluble, then KCl and, lastly, NaCl
5) A saturated solution is the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a solvent at a specific temperature, as opposed to unsaturated, which is a solution that contains less dissolved solute than the amount that the solvent can normally hold at that temperature.
6) Using the graph on p. 54, answer these questions about the solubility of potassium nitrate, KNO3
a) 30 g
b) supersaturated
b) supersaturated
c) 90 g
7) a)You are given a solution of KNO3 of unknown concentration. A crystal will just dissolve if you add crystal of KNO3 in an unsaturated solution.
b) If we added a crystal to the saturated solution, the solution would become supersaturated.
c) If we added a crystal to a supersaturated solution the solution would stay supersaturated
b) If we added a crystal to the saturated solution, the solution would become supersaturated.
c) If we added a crystal to a supersaturated solution the solution would stay supersaturated
8) A 35-g sample of ethanol is dissolved in 115 g water. 30% is the percent concentration of the ethanol, expressed as percent ethanol by mass.
p. 56 # 1-3
1) a) 106 grams of potassium nitrate (KNO3) will dissolve in 100 g water at 60 degrees C
b) 43 grams of potassium chloride (KCl) will dissolve in 100 g water at the same (60 degree C) temperature.
2) a) When you dissolve 25 g potassium nitrate in 100 g water at 30 degree C you produce an unsaturated solution. 15 more grams of potassium nitrate must be added to form a saturated solution at 30 degree C.
b) The minimum mass of 30 degree C water needed to dissolve 25 g of potassium nitrate is 45 grams of potassium nitrate in 180 g of water.
3) a) 60 g of potassium nitrate will precipitate.
b) 10 g of water would have to be added.
b) 43 grams of potassium chloride (KCl) will dissolve in 100 g water at the same (60 degree C) temperature.
2) a) When you dissolve 25 g potassium nitrate in 100 g water at 30 degree C you produce an unsaturated solution. 15 more grams of potassium nitrate must be added to form a saturated solution at 30 degree C.
b) The minimum mass of 30 degree C water needed to dissolve 25 g of potassium nitrate is 45 grams of potassium nitrate in 180 g of water.
3) a) 60 g of potassium nitrate will precipitate.
b) 10 g of water would have to be added.
Tuesday, June 25, 2013
Lab Report: Water Testing
Abstract: Its important to know what's in your water. For example, in Riverwood, students and scientists found dead fish in the town's water supply. The scientists needed to take samples and test the water to see if contaminants were present. This same theory was applied in our water testing investigation. During the water testing lab, our class was testing an unknown sample of water to see which ions were present.
Procedure:
Calcium Ion Test
1) Drop 20 drops of solution into a well; repeat this step for each sample (reference, blank, tap water, natural water)
2) In the well, place 3 drops of sodium carbonate solution; repeat this step for each sample
3) Discard the solutions in the well plate
Iron III Test
1) Drop 20 drops of solution into a well; repeat this step for each sample (reference, blank, tap water, natural water)
2) In the well, place 1-2 drops of potassium thiocyanate reagent; repeat this step for each sample
3) Discard the solutions in the well plate
Chloride Ion test
1) Drop 20 drops of solution into a well; repeat this step for each sample (refere
nce, blank, tap water, natural water)
2) In the well, place 3 drops of silver nitrate reagent; repeat this step for each sample
3) Discard the solutions in the well plate
Sulfate Ion Test
1) Drop 20 drops of solution into a well; repeat this step for each sample (reference, blank, tap water, natural water)
2) In the well, place 3 drops of barium chloride reagent; repeat this step for each sample
3) Discard the solutions in the well plate
Calcium Ion Test
1) Drop 20 drops of solution into a well; repeat this step for each sample (reference, blank, tap water, natural water)
2) In the well, place 3 drops of sodium carbonate solution; repeat this step for each sample
3) Discard the solutions in the well plate
Iron III Test
1) Drop 20 drops of solution into a well; repeat this step for each sample (reference, blank, tap water, natural water)
2) In the well, place 1-2 drops of potassium thiocyanate reagent; repeat this step for each sample
3) Discard the solutions in the well plate
1) Drop 20 drops of solution into a well; repeat this step for each sample (refere
nce, blank, tap water, natural water)
2) In the well, place 3 drops of silver nitrate reagent; repeat this step for each sample
3) Discard the solutions in the well plate
Sulfate Ion Test
1) Drop 20 drops of solution into a well; repeat this step for each sample (reference, blank, tap water, natural water)
2) In the well, place 3 drops of barium chloride reagent; repeat this step for each sample
3) Discard the solutions in the well plate
Results:
1) In the calcium ion test, both the tap water and natural water tested negative for calcium because the mixtures had no color and were not cloudy.
2) In the iron III ion test, both the tap water and natural water tested negative for calcium because the mixtures had no color and were not cloudy.
3) In the chlorine ion test, both the natural water and tap water tested positive in the confirming tests and had a cloudy appearance
4) In the sulfate ion test, the tap water tested negative because there was no change in appearance, but the natural water was positive because it had a cloudy precipitate.
Questions:
1) Both blank and reference solutions were used during the procedure because this way we could compare the unknown solution to the others.
2) A possible problem with the qualitative test is if there are contaminants left, then they could test as false positives.
3) These tests cannot absolutely confirm the absence of an ion because the ion can be present in low concentration.
4) My observations might have changed because substances being mixed can lead to a false reading.
1) In the calcium ion test, both the tap water and natural water tested negative for calcium because the mixtures had no color and were not cloudy.
2) In the iron III ion test, both the tap water and natural water tested negative for calcium because the mixtures had no color and were not cloudy.
3) In the chlorine ion test, both the natural water and tap water tested positive in the confirming tests and had a cloudy appearance
4) In the sulfate ion test, the tap water tested negative because there was no change in appearance, but the natural water was positive because it had a cloudy precipitate.
Questions:
1) Both blank and reference solutions were used during the procedure because this way we could compare the unknown solution to the others.
2) A possible problem with the qualitative test is if there are contaminants left, then they could test as false positives.
3) These tests cannot absolutely confirm the absence of an ion because the ion can be present in low concentration.
4) My observations might have changed because substances being mixed can lead to a false reading.
ISBS #25 - 34 p.50
25) There are many differences between qualitative and quantitative tests. Qualitative tests are tests that identify the presence or absence of a particular substance in a sample. This has to do with the appearance, such as color, of a substance. On the other hand, quantitative tests determine the amount of a specific substance present in a sample.
26) A confirming test is a labratory test that gives a positive result if a particular chemical species is present
27) In the water testing investigation, the purpose of (a) the reference solution, was to be used as a comparison for other tests since it contained the sought ion, and (b) the distilled water blank didn't contain any ions, so it could also be used as a comparison against the unknown solution.
28) Using the procedure outlined in the water testing investigation, a student tests a sample of groundwater for iron and observes no color change. The student should not conclude that no iron was present because the student also needs to check for a participate before making a conclution.
29) Given an unknown mixture, the steps you would use to classify a solution, a suspension, or a colloid are as follows. For a suspension, you could use filtration, and if a filtrate is left after the procedure, then you could likely conclude that the mixture is a suspension. For a colloid, if the mixtutre appears cloudy, you could shine a light through it to see if there are small solid partilces that are in the substance. If so, it supports the theory that the mixture is a colloid. If both of these procedures tested negative, then you can likely conclude that the mixture is a solution becase the solute had dissolved in the solvent.
30) Possible risks in failing to follow the direction, "shake before using" on the label of a medicine bottle, could be not getting the full dose because you are not reciving all parts of the substance.
31) It is useful for element symbols to have an international appearance because people all over the world can use a universal chemisty language.
32) The drawing shows oxygen gas dissolving in water. The blue cubes represent ice cubes because gas molecules dissolve more easily under cold temperatures.
33) It is not possible for water to be 100% chemical free because the atmosphereic gasses nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide will always disolve in the water to some extent.
34) The physical properties of water are due to the elements that compose the compound. The hydrogen side of the water molecule has a slight positive charge while the oxygen side of the molecule has a slightly negative charge. This molecular polarity causes water to be a powerful solvent and to have strong surface tension.
26) A confirming test is a labratory test that gives a positive result if a particular chemical species is present
27) In the water testing investigation, the purpose of (a) the reference solution, was to be used as a comparison for other tests since it contained the sought ion, and (b) the distilled water blank didn't contain any ions, so it could also be used as a comparison against the unknown solution.
28) Using the procedure outlined in the water testing investigation, a student tests a sample of groundwater for iron and observes no color change. The student should not conclude that no iron was present because the student also needs to check for a participate before making a conclution.
29) Given an unknown mixture, the steps you would use to classify a solution, a suspension, or a colloid are as follows. For a suspension, you could use filtration, and if a filtrate is left after the procedure, then you could likely conclude that the mixture is a suspension. For a colloid, if the mixtutre appears cloudy, you could shine a light through it to see if there are small solid partilces that are in the substance. If so, it supports the theory that the mixture is a colloid. If both of these procedures tested negative, then you can likely conclude that the mixture is a solution becase the solute had dissolved in the solvent.
30) Possible risks in failing to follow the direction, "shake before using" on the label of a medicine bottle, could be not getting the full dose because you are not reciving all parts of the substance.
31) It is useful for element symbols to have an international appearance because people all over the world can use a universal chemisty language.
32) The drawing shows oxygen gas dissolving in water. The blue cubes represent ice cubes because gas molecules dissolve more easily under cold temperatures.
33) It is not possible for water to be 100% chemical free because the atmosphereic gasses nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide will always disolve in the water to some extent.
34) The physical properties of water are due to the elements that compose the compound. The hydrogen side of the water molecule has a slight positive charge while the oxygen side of the molecule has a slightly negative charge. This molecular polarity causes water to be a powerful solvent and to have strong surface tension.
Monday, June 24, 2013
How does testing water help us?
Testing water helps us in many ways. One personal way it affects me is because, in my future, I want to become an environmentalist and help the planet. Finding a way to purify water fascinates me. Hopefully, in the future I will not only find a way to purify water at a low cost, but find many ways to keep our atmosphere stable.
ISBS p.51 #19-24
19) a) 6 electrons
b) 13 protons
c) 82 electrons
d) 17 protons
20) a) not electrically neutral
b) not electrically neutral
c) electrically neutral
d) not electrically neutral
21) a) anion
b) neutral atom
c) neutral atom
d) cation
e) cation
22) a) gaining electrons
b) neither, electrically neutral
c) neither, electrically neutral
d) lost one electron
e) lost two electrons
23) a) H
b) Na+
c) Cl-
d) Al3+
24) a) potassium iodide KI
b) calcium sulfide CaS
c) iron (III) bromide FeBr3
d) barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2
e) amonium phosphate (NH4)3 PO4
f) aluminum oxide Al2O3
b) 13 protons
c) 82 electrons
d) 17 protons
20) a) not electrically neutral
b) not electrically neutral
c) electrically neutral
d) not electrically neutral
21) a) anion
b) neutral atom
c) neutral atom
d) cation
e) cation
22) a) gaining electrons
b) neither, electrically neutral
c) neither, electrically neutral
d) lost one electron
e) lost two electrons
23) a) H
b) Na+
c) Cl-
d) Al3+
24) a) potassium iodide KI
b) calcium sulfide CaS
c) iron (III) bromide FeBr3
d) barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2
e) amonium phosphate (NH4)3 PO4
f) aluminum oxide Al2O3
Sunday, June 23, 2013
Water Diary
Data Table
Per Household
|
Day 1
|
Day 2
|
Day 3
|
Number of persons
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
Number of baths
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
Number of showers, and Average duration of a shower
|
5, 15 minute showers
|
4, 15 minute showers
|
6, 15 minute showers
|
Number of toilet flushes
|
15
|
18
|
17
|
Number of had wash loads of dishes
|
3
|
4
|
3
|
Number of machine wash loads of dishes
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Number of washing machine loads of laundry
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
Number of lawn or garden waterings and Average duration of a watering
|
1 time for 20 min.
|
0
|
1 time for 20 min.
|
Number of car washes
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
Number of gallons of water for cooking and drinking
|
21
|
18
|
14
|
Number of times water runs in sink
|
24
|
21
|
28
|
Other uses and frequency
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Total Water usage: 7,749 L
Average water per day: 2,583
Average water per person per day: 646
ISBS p.50
13)
14) a) Elements: i, ii, iv, vi
b) Compounds: iii, v
15) A chemical formula tells us the elements present in a substance and the number of atoms in that substance.
16) a) 3 Hydrogen atoms, 1 Phosphorus atom and 4 Oxygen atoms
b) 1 Sodium atom, 1 Oxygen atoms and 1 Hydrogen atom.
c) 1 Sulfur atom and 2 Oxygen atoms
17) a)
b)
c) one gaseous H2 (hydrogen) molecule plus one gaseous Cl2 (chlorine) molecule yields two gaseous HCL (hydrochloric acid) molecules
c2) two aqueous H202 (hydrogen peroxide) molecules yields two H20 (water) molecules plus one gaseous 02 (oxygen) molecule
18) a) NaHCO3 + HCl --> NaCl + H2O + CO2
b) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
14) a) Elements: i, ii, iv, vi
b) Compounds: iii, v
15) A chemical formula tells us the elements present in a substance and the number of atoms in that substance.
16) a) 3 Hydrogen atoms, 1 Phosphorus atom and 4 Oxygen atoms
b) 1 Sodium atom, 1 Oxygen atoms and 1 Hydrogen atom.
c) 1 Sulfur atom and 2 Oxygen atoms
17) a)
c) one gaseous H2 (hydrogen) molecule plus one gaseous Cl2 (chlorine) molecule yields two gaseous HCL (hydrochloric acid) molecules
c2) two aqueous H202 (hydrogen peroxide) molecules yields two H20 (water) molecules plus one gaseous 02 (oxygen) molecule
18) a) NaHCO3 + HCl --> NaCl + H2O + CO2
b) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
Thursday, June 20, 2013
Extra Credit
Layla Molayem
Chemistry
Dr. Forman
6 - 20 - 13
Extra Credit
The Great Test Tube In The Sky
Although most people think the sky is filled with nothing but stars, its also filled with gas thats density covers 100 - 1,000 molecules per cubic cm. The sky is also made up of hydrogen which covers 92% of the sky, helium which covers 8% and a very small content of oxygen. ALMA, the atacama large millimetre / sub-millimeter, is a new tool thats the worlds most powerful radio telescope. It consists of 66 dishes and has made many new discoveries. Although older telescopes can detect strong, simple signals of the sort emitted but small molecules like carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide, which have two and three atoms respectively, spotting more complex substances, like the ALMA can do, was almost impossible because their rotational energy is catered but their numerous bonds acs a wide range of frequencies. Even though the ALMA has only been open since march 13th, it has already identified glycolaldehyde and acetone, molecules that have eight and ten atoms respectively.
http://www.almaobservatory.org
http://www.almaobservatory.org
2. The following model represents a heterogeneous mixture, because the mixture is not uniform throughout. It represents suspension. It is composed of 3 atom compound and a 4 atom compound. One compound with 2 of the same element, and one with 3 of the same element.
Look at drawing for drawings of 1 and 2.
Look at drawing for drawings of 1 and 2.
Wednesday, June 19, 2013
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