p. 234 #1-30

1) A hydrocarbon is a molecule composed of only hydrogen and carbon

3) Petroleum is valuable because of its high boiling point and its molecular structure.

5) When oil is crude its because, it came from underground.

6) a) The average number of barrels of petroleum used daily in the united states for building purposes is 54 10^9 barrels.
     b) 23,843 10^3 barrels are burned in the US daily.
7) gasoline and diesel fuel are a fule obtained from crude petroleum.

8) a) House hold items made from petroleum include clothing, CD's, plastic, sports equipment.
    b) Methanne can replace most of the products in 8a.

10) a) The middle east has the most oil reserve.
      b) Central Asia & far east Oceania have the least oil reserve.

11) a) The US consumes a lot of oil with out having reserves.
      b) Africa has the most oil but the least amount of usage because they are a third world county.

12) Density can be used to separate liquids when the substances are insoluble in each other.

13) A mixture of water and acetone would be easiest to separate through distillation.

15)


16) Fractional distillation is when there are a lot more compounds, and you have to distill them further with distillation.

17) Light distillates include leto chemicals, kerosene, and refined oils.

18) At the bottom is where I would expect the fractions with the highest boiling point to be removed.

19) You can separate the mixtures by their intermolecular forces.

20) Methane, pentane, hexane, and octane.

21) A covalent bond is a bond is the sharing of two or more electrons between two atoms

22) Atoms with filled outer electron shells don't from covalent bonds because their outer shells are filled and have no reason to react; they are as happy as can be.

23) Covalent bonds are happy and share electrons; they don't fight like the ionic bonds.

26) a) A structural formula shows the bonding between the atoms whereas the molecular formula shows what's involved.
      b) The structural formula is misleading because it doesn't show the amount of electrons.

27)

28) The electron carbon representation shows only valence electrons.

29) a) C9H20
      b) C16H24
      c) C10H22
      d) C18H38

30) a) 9 (12)
          20 (1)
         ______
           128
      b) 16 (12)
           23 (1)
        _______
           215
      c) 10 (12)
           22 (1)
         ______
            142
      d) 18 (12)
            38 (1)
         ________
         54